A treasured performing arts tradition with deep roots in the nation’s maritime past has earned a place on UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list. Al Ahalla, a poetry-driven collective art form, once supported pearl divers during long sea voyages. Performers relied on rhythmic chants and the sound of bamboo sticks known as khayzaran to maintain morale, strengthen bonds and pass the long nights at sea. Today, the practice appears at weddings, festivals and community events, where groups of up to 60 participants stand in a circle and alternate in their recitations. Because these gatherings often draw in spectators, they naturally extend into the early hours of the morning.
According to UNESCO, “The practice unites people through its captivating chants and performances. Unlike other performances, Al Ahalla does not rely on traditional musical instruments such as drums or tambourines. Instead, performers, who belong to traditional arts groups, use alternating chants and bamboo sticks to create rhythm.”
Traditions Preserved Across Generations
Alongside Al Ahalla, Arabic kohl has also been added to the heritage list. The black powder, long used by men and women, serves both practical and aesthetic purposes. Many communities apply it to protect the eyes from sun, wind and sand, especially among Bedouins, fishing families and rural groups. Moreover, women often prepare the product at home or in communal gatherings. As UNESCO notes, “Kohl is made either at home or in gatherings, mostly by women, who transmit the related knowledge and skills to their daughters and granddaughters.”
Another recognised tradition is the bisht, a distinguished outer garment worn by men for important occasions across the Gulf and Levant. Crafted from wool, camel hair or goat hair, it drapes across the shoulders and wraps around the chest while leaving the right hand free for greetings. Although its colours and tailoring vary depending on region and season, its purpose remains constant: it conveys respect, marks celebration and reflects cultural identity. Because many families continue to pass down the craft, specialised workshops help preserve its artistry.
A Celebration of Ceremony and Community
The zaffa, a vibrant bridal procession, has also secured a place on the heritage list. This tradition marks the transition from singlehood to marriage through music, ritual and collective celebration. Preparations often include purification customs and the application of henna, while garments and jewellery are carefully selected for both bride and groom. Although symbolic gestures differ from one community to another — from sharing milk to cracking an egg or wearing a relative’s cape — each act aims to bless and protect the couple. Ultimately, the ceremony builds toward a lively procession filled with dance, song and communal joy.